Balanced, evidence-based pharmaceutical education distinguishing 10 evidence-supported sports nutrition and ergogenic aids (Group A) from 10 pharmacological and WADA-prohibited performance-enhancing substances (Group B). Every monograph details mechanism of action, scientific evidence quality, adverse effects, supplement contamination risks, Indian regulatory status (CDSCO / FSSAI), and official WADA Prohibited List classification.
Recognised in the IOC Consensus Statement and ISSN Position Stands for specific, context-dependent physiological applications when whole-food nutrition is optimised and batch-certified products are used:
Class: Guanidino-Compound Ergogenic Aid & Cellular ATP-Phosphagen Buffer
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED (Permitted in-competition and out-of-competition under the WADA Prohibited List, provided the produc...
Class: Methylxanthine Central Nervous System Stimulant & Non-Selective Adenosine (Aβ / AβA) Receptor Antagonist
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED β Included in the WADA Monitoring Program (in-competition monitoring to detect patterns of misuse in...
Class: Non-Proteinogenic Beta-Amino Acid & Intramuscular Histidine-Dipeptide (Carnosine) Precursor
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED (Permitted at all times under the WADA Prohibited List)....
Class: Inorganic Nitric Oxide (NO) Donor via the Oxygen-Independent Enterosalivary NitrateβNitriteβNO Pathway
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED (Permitted at all times under the WADA Prohibited List)....
Class: Extracellular Bicarbonate Buffer & Systemic/Urinary Alkalinising Agent
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED as an oral buffering substance (However, tampering or attempting to tamper with urine sample integri...
Class: Macronutrient Glycogen Substrate & Enterocyte SGLT1 / GLUT5 Dual-Transporter Ergogenic Fuel
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED via oral ingestion. CRITICAL WADA M2 RULE: Intravenous (IV) infusions and/or injections of >100 mL p...
Class: Fluid-Electrolyte Homeostasis & SGLT1 Water-Cotransport Restoration Formulations
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED via oral route. (Note: Intravenous fluid infusions >100 mL per 12 hours outside hospital/emergency m...
Class: Macronutrient Nitrogen & Essential Amino Acid Substrate; mTORC1 Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Activator
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED (Pure dietary proteins and the 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids are permitted at all times; ath...
Class: Non-Proteinogenic Urea-Cycle Amino Acid & Endogenous L-Arginine / Nitric Oxide (eNOS) Precursor
WADA Status: NOT PROHIBITED (Permitted at all times under the WADA Prohibited List)....
Class: Essential Trace Element for Haemoglobin Oxygen Transport, Myoglobin Storage & Mitochondrial Cytochrome/Fe-S Enzymes
WADA Status: ORAL IRON IS NOT PROHIBITED. CRITICAL WADA M2.2 RULE: Intravenous (IV) iron infusions (e.g., Ferric Carboxymaltose,...
Prohibited under the WADA Prohibited List (and/or controlled prescription/unapproved substances under Indian law) studied in pharmacy curricula for their clinical pharmacology, endocrine/cardiovascular toxicology, and anti-doping detection:
Class: Synthetic Androgen Receptor (NR3C4) Agonists (19-Nortestosterone, DHT & 17-Alpha-Alkylated Derivatives)
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S1.1 (Anabolic ...
Class: Unapproved Investigational Non-Steroidal Androgen Receptor (NR3C4) Ligands
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S1.2 (Other Ana...
Class: Recombinant Erythropoietic Glycoprotein Hormones & Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors (HIF-PHIs)
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S2.1 (Erythropo...
Class: Recombinant Anterior Pituitary Polypeptide Hormone (191 Amino Acids) & Somatomedin-C (IGF-1) Axis Agonists
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S2.2.3 (Growth ...
Class: Long-Acting Sympathomimetic Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist (Classified under WADA S1.2 Other Anabolic Agents)
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S1.2 (Other Ana...
Class: Central Nervous System Psychostimulants; Catecholamine (Dopamine / Noradrenaline) Reuptake Inhibitors & Vesicular Releasers
WADA Status: PROHIBITED IN-COMPETITION under WADA Prohibited List Category S6 (Stimulants: S6.A Non-Specified Stimulants [Amphet...
Class: Metabolic Modulator; Reversible Gamma-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase (BBOX1) & Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) Inhibitor
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S4.4 (Metabolic...
Class: Renal Tubular Natriuretic/Diuretic Agents, Urinary Diluters & Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) Masking Agents
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S5 (Diuretics a...
Class: Growth Hormone Secretagogues (Ghrelin/GHS-R1a Agonists), GHRH Analogues, GnRH Agonists & Unapproved Experimental Peptides
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S2.2 (Peptide H...
Class: Principal Endogenous Androgenic-Anabolic Steroid Hormone (17beta-Hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) & Steroid Precursors
WADA Status: PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (In-Competition and Out-of-Competition) under WADA Prohibited List Category S1.1 (Anabolic ...
